## FUTURE 5G DENSE URBAN DEPLOYMENTS --- ## 5G DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES IN LEGACY NETWORKS Monolithic and hierarchical architecture is not densification friendly - The legacy mobile networks were focused on single-tier deployment - Mainly macro layers with occasional co-channel underlays - 5G pushes the limit for smaller cell deployment to the extreme - Combination of co-channel and different channel overlay/underlay in massive numbers - Increase in channel and bandwidth sizes creates a multi-tier network deployments enhancing densification options --- ## 5G DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE Basic Architecture ## Basic Architecture - 3GPP considered the split concept (DU and CU) for NR from the beginning - Simplify multi-tier densification - Single CU and multiple DUs at different frequency bands --- ## 5G ANSWERS TO DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES ## A New Architectural Approach - Inherent split gNB - Already a distributed RAN architecture makes densification easier by centralizing (CU) control between different radios (DUs) - Centralized control and multiple coordinated Tx/RX approach - Wider and more distributed bands - Limit co-channel deployments without losing efficiency --- ## NEXT 20 YEARS CAPACITY GROWTH ## Balances Shift - Air interface technology enhancements - Higher level modulations, advanced coding schemes, MIMO and all spatial and temporal multiplexing schemes almost reached their limits - New spectrum allocation - Not much available at low and mid bands ➔ utilizing m-MIMO techniques to utilize them more - mmWave needs new network deployment paradigm - New network deployment methodologies - All the focus will be here for capacity increase in the near future --- ## LAST 20 YEARS MOBILE NETWORK JOURNEY Increasing System Capacity and User Throughput - Air interface - Advanced modulations and coding schemes ➔ from GMSK (2G) to 256 QAM (LTE-A) - Spatial multiplexing ➔ MIMO and (e)CoMP ## - Spectrum - From 25 MHz at 900 MHz band to more than 400 MHz at 40 different bands - Network deployment techniques - Aggressive frequency reuse and cell splitting --- ## DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES Simple in Theory, More Difficult Practically - Densification concept for mobile network ➔ main pillar of cellular technology There is a practical limit to it - Cost and ROI challenges - Legacy network solutions were not suitable for aggressive densification - Maintain QoS with legacy solutions for legacy services was not possible - Maintain acceptable call drop rate with 100 meter cell radius! --- ## HETEROGENEOUS NETWORK DEPLOYMENT ## 5G will rely heavily on "HetNet" deployment for densification --- ## SPATIAL DENSIFICATION Heterogeneous Networks Utilizing Same Frequency Band - High power macro base stations as umbrella cell for providing "coverage" - Low power cells for providing capacity utilizing same frequency band --- ## VERTICAL DENSIFICATION Heterogeneous Networks Utilizing Different Frequency Band - High power macro base stations as umbrella cell for providing "coverage" - Low power cells for providing capacity in different bands --- ## 5G MAKES DENSIFICATION MORE PRACTICAL ## 5G architecture can scale for aggressive densification - Densification concept for mobile network ➔ main pillar of cellular technology - There is a practical limit to it - 5G DU/RRUs can reduce the cost dramatically - Cost and ROI challenges - Distributes gNB (CU/DU) provides more central coordination - Maintaining QoS with legacy solutions - Multi-band/multi-tier deployment in conjunction with overlay/underlay will guarantee QoS for legacy services was not possible - Maintain acceptable call drop rate with 100 meter cell radius! --- ## 5G COMP (COOPERATIVE MIMO) ## CoMP different flavors ## Joint Transmission (JT) - Coordinated Scheduling/Beamforming - Dynamic Point Selection --- ## MASSIVE MIMO Utilizing Low/Mid Spectrum Even More ## Utilizing Low/Mid Spectrum Even More - Base station antennas with hundreds of elements - An order of magnitude extra antennas compare to legacy systems - Special multiplexing across the coverage area - Large number of UEs utilize same time/frequency resources through special multiplexing --- ## 5G RAN DENSIFICATION Number of e/gNBs Will Grow Dramatically - Increase in number of RAN nodes are in different scale compare to previous generations - Legacy approach to "own RAN" needs to change - Not practical deploying hundreds of e/gNBs per square miles - Neutral hosts can be a viable solutions - Third party companies; e.g. tower companies, real estate owners, can fill the gap --- ## PARALLEL WIRELESS APPROACH ## OpenRAN Gateway - Fully virtualized, standard compliant and cloud native ready - 3GPP standard-compliant solution across different generations - Scalable solution - Co-located of all different functions at the same HNG instance - Analytics, SON and Orchestration --- ## PARALLEL WIRELESS APPROACH TOWARD DENSIFICATION ## OpenRAN Gateway - Parallel Wireless OpenRAN Controller is positioned perfectly to address 5G densification challenges - Utilizing our Analytics tool, it can coordinate the network accordingly and reducing interference - Balancing the traffic across technologies --- Parallel Wireless Reimagine Your Network. 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