## Parallel WIRELESS ## TACKLING NETWORK DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES FOR 5G --- ## 5G NR USE CASES Unlike previous generation it must support a wide variety of use cases - Too much diversity! 5G NR USE CASES ! Unlike previous generation it must support a wide variety of use cases Release 15 just focused on eMBB with forward compatibility in mind to support other uses cases in the future --- ## 5G DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES IN LEGACY NETWORKS Monolithic and hierarchical architecture is not densification friendly - The legacy mobile networks were focused on single-tier deployment - Mainly macro layers with occasional co-channel underlays - 5G pushes the limit for smaller cell deployment to the extreme - Combination of co-channel and different channel overlay/underlay in massive numbers - Increase in channel and bandwidth sizes creates a multi-tier network deployments, enhancing densification options --- ## 5G ANSWERS TO DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES ## A new architectural approach ## - Inherent split gNB - Already a distributed RAN architecture makes densification easier by centralizing (CU) control between different radios (DUs) - Centralized control and multiple coordinated Tx/RX approach - Wider and more distributed bands - Limit co-channel deployments without losing efficiency --- ## 5G NETWORK CAPACITY GROWTH The main pillars for wireless capacity increase --- The main pillars for wireless capacity increase Substantially More Capacity --- ## THE TRENDS OF NETWORK CAPACITY GROWTH ## Air Interface Technologies and available Spectrums are reaching their limits - Coordinated Multipoint Tx/Rx - Massive MIMO - New Modulation and Coding Schemes - Extended Licensed/Unlicensed Spectrum, mmWave - Licensed/Unlicensed Share Access ~20x 5x-10x ! Air Interface Technologies and available Spectrums are reaching their limits • Integrated MultiRAT Operation ~25x 40x-50x THE TRENDS OF NETWORK CAPACITY GROWTH - Device-to-Device Reference: IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine March 2014 --- ## NEXT 20 YEARS CAPACITY GROWTH ## Balances shift - Air interface technology enhancements - Higher level modulations, advanced coding schemes, MIMO and all spatial and temporal multiplexing schemes almost reached their limits - New spectrum allocation - Not much available at low and mid bands - mmWave needs new network deployment paradigm - New network deployment methodologies - All the focus will be here for capacity increase in the near future NEXT 20 YEARS CAPACITY GROWTH --- ## LAST 20 YEARS MOBILE NETWORK JOURNEY ## Increasing system capacity and user throughput - Air interface - Advanced modulations and coding schemes $ \rightarrow $ from GMSK (2G) to 256 QAM (LTE-A) - Spatial multiplexing $ \rightarrow $ MIMO and (e)CoMP ## - Spectrum - From 25 MHz at 900 MHz band to more than 400 MHz at 40 different bands - Network deployment techniques - Aggressive frequency reuse and cell splitting LAST 20 YEARS MOBILE NETWORK JOURNEY --- ## THE NEXT 1000-FOLD CAPACITY INCREASE (SPECTRUM) Old tricks do not work anymore - Governments have already done their best to allocate as much spectrum as they can - Mid-band (3.5 GHz-4.2 GHz) is crucial for 5G deployment Reference: everything RF website ! --- ## DENSIFICATION CHALLENGES Simple in theory, more difficult practically - Densification concept for mobile network $ \rightarrow $ main pillar of cellular technology There is a practical limit to it ## - Cost and ROI challenges - Legacy network solutions were not suitable for aggressive densification - Maintain QoS with legacy solutions for legacy services was not possible - Maintain acceptable call drop rate with 100 meter cell radius! --- ## 5G MAKES DENSIFICATION MORE PRACTICAL 5G architecture can scale for aggressive densification - Densification concept for mobile network $ \rightarrow $ main pillar of cellular technology - There is a practical limit to it - Cost and ROI challenges ## - Cost and ROI challenges - Legacy network solutions were not suitable for aggressive densification for legacy services was not possible - Maintain acceptable call drop rate with 5G MAKES DENSIFICATION MORE PRACTICAL 5G architecture can scale for aggressive densification • Densification concept for mobile conjunction with overlay/underlay will - Distributes gNB (CU/DU) provides more central coordination - 5G DU/RRUs can reduce the cost dramatically compared to legacy network deployments • Distributes gNB (CU/DU) provides more guarantee QoS for different services --- ## DENSIFICATION AND MOBILITY Smaller cells means more mobility related signaling and handoffs - Smaller cells increase number of HOs and related signaling - Horizontal intra frequency HOs due to mobility - Vertical inter frequency HOs due to mobility - Explosive growth of small cells and HetNet deployments require new approaches to mobility management --- ## AGGRESSIVE DENSIFICATION FOR 5G There is going to be a limit for "real estate" and infrastructure - There is a limit for available physical location, backhaul/fronthaul and power in prime locations - Cannot have 100 RRU per operator per square miles! - Traffic fluctuations impacting smaller cells more than macros - Smaller cells utilization can be minimum at certain times --- ## 5G RAN DENSIFICATION Number of e/gNBs will grow dramatically - Increase in number of RAN nodes are in different scale compared to previous generations - Legacy approach to "own RAN" needs to change - Not practical deploying hundreds of e/gNBs per square mile - Neutral hosts can be a viable solution Third party companies; e.g. tower companies, real estate owners, can fill the gap --- ## PARALLEL WIRELESS APPROACH ## OpenRAN Gateway - Fully virtualized, standard compliant, and cloud native ready - 3GPP standard-compliant solution across different generations - Scalable solution • Co-located of all different functions at the same HNG instance • Analytics, SON, and Orchestration PARALLEL WIRELESS APPROACH OpenRAN Gateway ! ## P --- ## PARALLEL WIRELESS APPROACH TOWARD DENSIFICATION ## OpenRAN Gateway - Parallel Wireless OpenRAN Controller is positioned perfectly to address 5G densification challenges - Utilizing our Analytics tool, it can coordinate the network accordingly and reduce interference • Balancing the traffic across technologies PARALLEL WIRELESS APPROACH TOWARD DENSIFICATION ! ## P --- !